1 Muammar Muhammad al-Gaddafi

Muammar Muhammad al-Gaddafi born 7 June 1942, commonly referred to as Colonel Gaddafi, is a Libyan politician and revolutionary, who has been the ruler of Libya since a military coup on 1 September 1969, when he overthrew King Idris and established the Libyan Arab Republic.

Muammar al-Gaddafi was born in a bedouin tent in the desert near Sirt in 1942. His family belongs to a small tribe of arabized Berbers, the Qadhadhfa, who are stockherders with holdings in the Hun Oasis.

Gaddafi entered the Libyan military academy at Benghazi in 1961 and, along with most of his colleagues from the Revolutionary Command Council, graduated in the 1965 - 1966 period. Gaddafi's association with the Free Officers Movement began as a cadet. The frustration and shame felt by Libyan officers who stood by helplessly at the time of Israel's swift and humiliating defeat of Arab armies on three fronts in 1967 fueled their determination to contribute to Arab unity by overthrowing the monarchy. An early conspirator, Gaddafi began his first plan to overthrow the monarchy while in military college.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Libya under Gaddafi was considered a pariah state by the West, which alleged oppression of internal dissidence, acts of state-sponsored terrorism, assassinations of expatriate opposition leaders, and crass nepotism exhibited in amassing a multi-billion-dollar fortune for himself and his family. Gaddafi was a firm supporter of OAPEC and led a Pan-African campaign for a United States of Africa. After the 1986 Bombing of Libya and the 1993 imposition of United Nations sanctions, Gaddafi established closer economic and security relations with the west, cooperated with investigations into previous Libyan acts of state-sponsored terrorism and paid compensation, and ended his nuclear weapons program, resulting in the lifting of UN sanctions in 2003.

In early February 2011, major political protests, inspired by recent protests in Tunisia, Egypt and other parts of the Arab world, broke out in Libya against Gaddafi's government and turned into a civil war. Gaddafi vowed to "die a martyr" if necessary in his fight against the rebels and external forces.

On 17 May 2011 the International Criminal Court issued a request for an arrest warrant against Gaddafi for crimes against humanity.

1 Barack Hussein Obama

Barack Obama was born on August 4, 1961, at Kapiʻolani Maternity & Gynecological Hospital (now called Kapiʻolani Medical Center for Women and Children) in Honolulu, Hawaii, the first President to have been born in Hawaii. His mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, was born in Wichita, Kansas. Of mostly English descent, her family also traces to Germany, Wales and Ireland; his great grandfather was born in County Offaly. His father, Barack Obama, Sr., was a Luo from Nyang'oma Kogelo, Nyanza Province, Kenya.

Obama's parents met in 1960 in a Russian language class at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa, where his father was a foreign student on scholarship. The couple married on February 2, 1961, separated when Obama Sr. went to Harvard University on scholarship, and divorced in 1964. Obama Sr. remarried and returned to Kenya, visiting Barack in Hawaii only once, in 1971. He died in an automobile accident in 1982.

After her divorce, Dunham married Indonesian student Lolo Soetoro, who was attending college in Hawaii. When Suharto, a military leader in Soetoro's home country, came to power in 1967, all Indonesian students studying abroad were recalled, and the family moved to the Menteng neighborhood of Jakarta. From ages six to ten, Obama attended local schools in Jakarta, including Besuki Public School and St. Francis of Assisi School.

In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu to live with his maternal grandparents, Madelyn and Stanley Armour Dunham, and attended Punahou School, a private college preparatory school, from the fifth grade until his graduation from high school in 1979. Obama's mother returned to Hawaii in 1972, remaining there until 1977 when she went back to Indonesia to work as an anthropological field worker. She finally returned to Hawaii in 1994 and lived there for one year, before dying of ovarian cancer.

Of his early childhood, Obama recalled, "That my father looked nothing like the people around me that he was black as pitch, my mother white as milk barely registered in my mind. He described his struggles as a young adult to reconcile social perceptions of his multiracial heritage. Reflecting later on his formative years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of mutual respect became an integral part of my world view, and a basis for the values that I hold most dear. Obama has also written and talked about using alcohol, marijuana and cocaine during his teenage years to "push questions of who I was out of my mind. At the 2008 Civil Forum on the Presidency, Obama identified his high-school drug use as a great moral failure.

Following high school, Obama moved to Los Angeles in 1979 to attend Occidental College. In February 1981, he made his first public speech, calling for Occidental's divestment from South Africa. In mid-1981, Obama traveled to Indonesia to visit his mother and sister Maya, and visited the families of college friends in India and Pakistan for three weeks.

Later in 1981 he transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in political science with a specialty in international relations and graduated with a B.A. in 1983. He worked for a year at the Business International Corporation, then at the New York Public Interest Research Group.

0 Soeharto Profile And Biography

Soeharto was born on 8 June 1921 from among ordinary people in the sub-village of Kemasuk - Yogyakarta - Indonesia, his father named Kartosoediro, a farmer, ulu-ulu, and rural workers water control, while his mother was Soekirah, shortly after birth Soeharto this couple divorced. Kartosoediro later married again, of his father's second marriage was Suharto's has 11 half brother.

Suharto's childhood passed with so hard, he had to move where to attend school and eventually settled Suharto at his aunt's house in the area Wuriantoro - Wonogiri - Central Java. This is where Suharto gain knowledge about farming from his uncle who worked as an orderly agriculture.

After graduating from elementary school Suharto continued to Schakel School Muhammadiyah schools in Wonogiri before becoming a soldier Suharto's first profession was as an assistant Clerk Village Bank. His army Career starting from become KNIL army and at the time of Japanese occupation Suharto later joined by PETA soldiers and when the proclamation was proclaimed to the entire Indonesian nation he joined the BKR army (People's Safety Agency) is the forerunner of the Indonesian National Army.

As a soldier field Suharto has been deeply involved in the field of physical struggle. In April 1950 when Suharto was a brigade commander of Mataram, Suharto successfully to stop the rebellion in Makassar, the years 1951-1953 Suharto successfully quell the rebellion DI / TII and rebellion battalion 426.

In 1956 Suharto was appointed commander Dipenogoro, three years later on the decision of the general Kasad AH. Nasution, Suharto drawn to attend a school of the Army Staff and Command (Seskoad). And in 1962, Suharto became commander of the Japanese in charge of western Irian recaptured from the Dutch colonialists.

Suharto increasingly prominent role in the event of rebellion PKI/30 September 1965, State the situation is very chaotic at that time, the prices are very expensive needs, the high price of fuel and cutting rupiah. And finally on 11 March 1966 he received full authority from President Sukarno to control the situation was chaotic state. On February 22 1967, Through the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara (Provisional People's Consultative Assembly), Suharto was appointed president of the official and a year later that is at its peak Suharto was appointed president of the Republic of Indonesia through a special session of Assembly on March 27, 1968.

Over 32 years Suharto ruled Indonesia, recognized the development is quite fast but can not be denied also the Suharto government is not free from criticism, a lot of practice Corruption, Collusion and Nepotism and still rooted in the government of SBY.

Suharto received strong protests from around the nation Indonesia including from among the students who are very loud in the process of the overthrow of Suharto's rule and, ultimately backed away from power as president on May 21, 1998, Suharto declared retired as president at the age of 77 years.

0 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Profile And Biography

Name : Dr. H. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Place, date of birth : Pacitan, East Java 09 September 1949

Address : (street) Jl. Alternatif Cibubur Puri Cikeas Indah No. 2 Nagrag Village Gunung Putri sub-district. Bogor - 16967

Religion : Moslem

Marital Status : Married

Wife : Kristiani Herawati

Children : Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono and Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono

Education

• 1973 : Indonesian Armed Forces Academy (Akabri)
• 1976 : American Language Course, Lackland, Texas - AS
• 1976 : Airbone and Ranger Course, Fort Benning - AS
• 1982 - 1983 : Infantry Officer Advanced Course, Fort Benning - AS
• 1983 : On the job training di 82-nd Airbone Division, Fort Bragg - AS
• 1983 : Jungle Warfare School, Panama
• 1984 : Antitank Weapon Course in Belgian and German
• 1985 : Battalion Command Courses
• 1988 - 1989 : Indonesian Army Command School
• Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas - AS
• Master of Art (MA) from Management Webster University, Missouri
• 2004 : Doctorate (Dr) Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia

Working Experiences

• 2004 - now : President of the Republic Indonesia
• 10 August 2001 - 12 March 2004 : Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs, Gotong Royong Cabinet
• 26 October 2000 - 01 June 2001 : Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs, Gotong Royong Cabinet, Persatuan Nasional Cabinet
• 20 October 1999 - 26 August 2000 : Minister of Mining and Energy, Abdurrahman Wahid Cabinet
• 16 February 1998 - November 1998 : Chief of the Social and Political Staff of the Indonesian Armed Forces
• 23 August 1996 - 26 August 1997 : Commander of the Sriwijaya II Military Regional Command
• March 1996 - August 1996 : Chief of the Staff the Jakarta Military Regional Command
• November 1995 - November 1996 : Chief of the UN Military Watch in Bosnia from the United Nations Peacekeeping Force (UNPF)
• 1994 - 1995 : Commander of Pamungkas 072 Military Resort Command, Yogyakarta
• 1994 : Operational Assistant of Jakarta Military Regional Command
• 1993 : Commander of 17th Infantry Brigade, Kujang I of the Army Strategic Reserves Command

Appreciation

• 1973 : Bestowed the Adi Makayasa Medal of Honour by the President of Indonesia in recognition for graduating as the best cadet of the Indonesian Army Forces Academy
• 1983 : Honour Graduated IOAC, USA
• 2003 : Voted as the Most Articulated Speaker of Public Figures

General TNI (Ret) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, popularly known as SBY, was born in Pacitan, East Java, on 9 September 1949. He graduated from the Military Academy in 1973-top in his class. He received his fourth star in 2000. In the first-ever direct presidential election in Indonesia in 2004, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, running on a platform for "more just, more peaceful, more prosperous, and more democratic Indonesia", was elected as the 6th President of the Republic of Indonesia, gaining a landslide 60% of the popular vote over the incumbent President Megawati Soekarnoputri.

President Yudhoyono is also an accomplished scholar. He was educated in the United States, where he received his Masters degree in Management from Webster University in 1991. He continued his study and earned a Doctorate Degree in Agricultural Economics from Bogor Institute of Agriculture, West Java, Indonesia, in 2004. President Yudhoyono was awarded with two honorary doctorates in 2005, respectively in the field of law from his alma mater, Webster University, and in political science from Thammasat University in Thailand.

During his 27-year distinguished military service, President Yudhoyono took an extensive range of training, education and courses, both in Indonesia and overseas. President Yudhoyono also held numerous important posts and positions as troop and territorial commander, staff officer, trainer and lecturer. He served both in the field and at headquarters, as well as missions overseas. He was the Commander of the United Nations Military Observers and Commander of the Indonesian Military Contingent in Bosnia-Herzegovina from 1995-1996.

For his outstanding service, President Yudhoyono was decorated with 24 medals and awards, including the UNPKF Medal, the Bintang Dharma, the Bintang Mahaputera Adipurna and the Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipurna, the highest national medal for excellent service beyond the calls of duty.

Prior to being elected, President Yudhoyono held various important government positions, including Minister of Mining and Energy and Coordinating Minister for Political, Social, and Security Affairs in the National Unity Cabinet under President Abdurrahman Wahid. He again served as Coordinating Minister for Political, Social, and Security Affairs in the Gotong Royong Cabinet under President Megawati Soekarnoputri. It was in his capacity as Coordinating Minister that he became internationally recognized for leading Indonesia's counter-terrorism efforts.

President Yudhoyono is also known for his activities in various civil society organizations. He served as Co-Chairman of the Governing Board of the Partnership for the Governance Reform, a joint Indonesian-international organization focused on the improvement of governance in Indonesia. He also served as Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Brighten Institute, an institution devoted to studying the theory and practice of national development policy.

President Yudhoyono is a keen reader and has authored a number of books and articles including: Transforming Indonesia: Selected International Speeches (2005), Peace deal with Aceh is just a beginning (2005), The Making of a Hero (2005), Revitalization of the Indonesian Economy: Business, Politics and Good Governance (2002), and Coping with the Crisis - Securing the Reform (1999). Garden of Life is his anthology published in 2004. President Yudhoyono speaks English fluently.

President Yudhoyono is a devoted Moslem. He is married to Madam Ani Herrawati. The first couple is blessed with two sons. The oldest is First Lieutenant Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, who graduated top in his class from the Military Academy in 2000 and is now serving at the elite 305th Airborne Battalion of the Army Strategic Reserves Command (KOSTRAD). The youngest, Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono, earned his degree in Economics from Curtin University, Australia.